da Silva Santos A, de Oliveira RD, Lemos EF, et al. - In view of the major causative role of tuberculosis in morbidity and mortality among incarcerated populations globally, researchers conducted mass tuberculosis screening in three prisons in Brazil and estimated yield, efficiency, and costs linked with various screening algorithms. From 2017 to 2018, they screened 5,387 prisoners for tuberculosis by symptom assessment, chest radiography, sputum testing by Xpert MTB/RIF 4th generation and culture. Scoring of chest radiographs was done using an automated interpretation algorithm (CAD4TB) that was locally calibrated to establish a positivity threshold. Evaluation of four diagnostic algorithms was done. Among the prisoners, 214 (3.9%) were diagnosed with tuberculosis. As per outcomes, they suggest sputum Xpert MTB/RIF as a sensitive approach for testing all participants while remaining cost-efficient. Hence, the use of Xpert MTB/RIF is supported for mass screening in tuberculosis-endemic prisons.