Ferrulli A, et al. - In this randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study, researchers assessed if deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) can reduce food cravings and weight through neuromodulation. A total of 33 obese individuals were randomized and completed the study; 13 participants received high-frequency (HF) dTMS (18 Hz; HF group) 5-week treatment, 10 received low-frequency (LF) dTMS (1 Hz; LF group) and 10 received sham-treatment (sham group). A decreasing trend has been noted in food craving in the HF vs the LF and sham groups. There was a significant improvement in variables of metabolic and physical activity in the HF group. In addition to physical exercise and a hypocaloric diet, the investigators showed the safety and effectiveness of dTMS in reducing body weight in obese people for up to 1 year. They assume that modulation of the dopaminergic pathway and stimulation of physical activity is a possible mechanism of HF dTMS treatment. The data suggest a potential role for increasing β-endorphins and epinephrine during HF dTMS treatment.