Key NS, Khorana AA, Kuderer NM, et al. - In order to provide updated recommendations concerning prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cases with cancer, researchers systematically reviewed 35 publications on VTE prophylaxis and treatment and 18 publications on VTE risk assessment. The evidence was reviewed and previous recommendations were revised as required by an expert panel convened by ASCO. Following changes to previous recommendations are proposed: Clinicians may administer apixaban, rivaroxaban, or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) to selected high-risk outpatients with cancer for thromboprophylaxis; addition of rivaroxaban and edoxaban have been proposed as options for VTE treatment; addressing of patients with brain metastases in the VTE treatment section is now proposed; and an expansion of the recommendation regarding long-term postoperative LMWH has been done. Re-affirmed recommendations: thromboprophylaxis throughout hospitalization is proposed for most hospitalized patients with cancer and an acute medical condition. No routine use of thromboprophylaxis is recommended for all outpatients with cancer. Prophylaxis should be provided to patients undergoing major cancer surgery commencing before surgery and lasting for at least 7 to 10 days. Periodical assessment of patients with cancer for VTE risk is recommended, and oncology professionals are recommended to provide patient education about the signs and symptoms of VTE.