Guo J, et al. - Among patients with ischemic stroke in China, authors assessed the nationwide occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and how often oral anticoagulants (OACs) were used for prevention. A representative nationwide sample of 1,252,703 adults over 40 years old during 2013 and 2014 was taken from the China National Stroke Screening Survey. Only 2.2% of ischemic stroke patients with AF had taken OACs; 98.2% of those had taken warfarin. In China, significant underutilization of OACs was seen in many ischemic stroke patients having AF. The need for improving the prevention of ischemic stroke secondary to AF is highlighted. The strongest risk factor among ischemic stroke patients with AF was coronary heart disease, while dyslipidemia accounted for the largest contribution.