Singh V, Gratzer B, Gorbach PM, et al. - Human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and knowledge among transgender women (TGW) vs men who have sex with men (MSM) were assessed in this investigation. From clinics in Chicago and Los Angeles, researchers recruited 1,033 participants. Among unvaccinated participants (44 TGW and 855 MSM), anal specimens from 39 (88.6%) TGW and 606 (70.9%) MSM, and oral specimens from 4 (9.1%) TGW and 81 (9.5%) MSM displayed the presence of HPV DNA. Findings suggested a high HPV prevalence with low knowledge among TGW. Most of these participants were still naïve to ≥ 1 HPV vaccine types. In line with existing national recommendations, the investigators supported vaccinating TGW and MSM, and suggested additional outreach to increase vaccination despite the fact that vaccination ideally occurs prior to exposure.