Urakawa H, Jones T, Samuel A, et al. - A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the rate, timing and risk factors of subsequent fusion for patients after decompression alone for lumbar spinal stenosis with spondylolisthesis. Researchers assessed risk factors for subsequent fusion by Multivariate cox proportion-hazard regression controlling for age, gender, comorbidities and the presence or absence of claudication. This study included 5,875 patients in the public insurance population and 1,456 patients in the private insurance population. The evidence showed that in some patients with lumbar spinal stenosis with spondylolisthesis, decompression surgery alone can indicate good outcomes. It is necessary for surgeons to recognize, nevertheless, that patient age less than 70 years, symptomatic neurogenic claudication, and presence of rheumatoid arthritis/collagen vascular diseases are significant independent factors correlated with greater likelihood of needing secondary fusion surgery.