Cheng WH, et al. - In this retrospective analysis of 176 (131 males, 51.2±12.1 years old) patients with drug-refractory symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) receiving electro-anatomical guided pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), researchers assessed the ten-year ablation outcome as well as long-term follow-up results post-PVI. Participants were followed-up for a mean duration of 130.0±10.8 months. In 58% patients who underwent a single procedure (including 8% patients on anti-arrhythmic medications) and in 88% patients who underwent multiple procedures (including 10% patients on anti-arrhythmic medications), achievement of sinus rhythm was reported. There was modest long-term efficacy due to a single procedure. More ATa recurrences were reported in patients who had enlarged left atrium (LA) diameters. In patients with PAF, a comparable ten-year single-procedural outcome of the impacts of circumferential PVI (CPVI) and segmental PVI (SPVI) was evident.