Lorenz M, Blaschke B, Benn A, et al. - Researchers conducted this investigation to evaluate sex-specific metabolic and functional differences between male and female human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). By bioenergetics studies (Seahorse Analyser) and a metabolomic approach, cellular metabolism was analyzed. By Western blots and proteome analysis, protein levels were determined. Findings revealed that there were no sex differences in untreated cells, however, sexual dimorphisms seemed after stressing the cells by serum starvation and treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Female cells had higher intracellular ATP and metabolite levels under both conditions. After serum starvation, a significant decline in ATP levels was noted in male cells. The glycolysis/mitochondrial respiration ratio was higher after VEGF in female cells and migration was more pronounced. Such results indicate an increased tolerance of female cells to stress. Therefore, under conditions of diminished nutrient supply, female cells have an energetic advantage over male cells.