Luan L, et al. - The seroprevalence of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection in Chinese children was investigated in order to assess more information for improvement of varicella vaccination in China. From Chinese kindergarten students aged from four to six years, researchers recruited 3014 children; among these, 43.9% of boys and 46.3% of girls were vaccinated with varicella vaccine. As per observations, risk of VZV infection is high in about half of these Chinese children. Children with varicella vaccination had anti-VZV IgG seroprevalence of 54.4%, which was significantly higher than those in unvaccinated children (49.2%). Among the vaccinated children, the detection rates of VZV IgG antibody increased with age, however, anti-VZV IgG detection rates did not differ among unvaccinated children in different age groups. In addition, anti-VZV IgM positivity was identified in 13 boys and 13 girls, respectively. Among these, receipt of varicella vaccination was reported for eight children (0.6%), which was similar to those in unvaccinated children (1.1%). However, they isolated only one ORF22 sequence from an unvaccinated 5-year boy. The nucleotide homology was estimated to be 99.7% with genotype J when compared to the reference VZV sequences.