Nekoua MP, et al. - A pilot study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between the saliva anti-coxsackieviruses (CV)-B4 neutralizing activity and immune parameters in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients in comparison with non-diabetic individuals. For this analysis, saliva and blood samples were collected from 15 T1D patients and 8 controls. Results revealed that the levels of salivary anti-CV-B4 neutralizing activity were higher in T1D patients than in controls whereas the serum levels of anti-CV-B4 neutralizing activity and the saliva and serum levels of anti-poliovirus type 1 (PV-1) neutralizing activity were not different. It was concluded that the relationship between saliva anti-CV-B4 activity and disturbance of immune system in T1D patients deserves further examination.