Mohamad O, et al. - Researchers performed this retrospective cohort study determining the risk of ensuing primary cancers following treatment with carbon ion radiotherapy in patients with localized prostate cancer. In addition, they compared it with that following photon radiotherapy or surgery in this setting. They analyzed 1,455 patients (92%) of 1,580 patients who had carbon radiotherapy for prostate cancer at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences and 1,983 (5%) patients treated with photon radiotherapy and 5,948 (15%) treated with surgery among 38,594 prostate cancer patients identified in the Osaka registry. Outcomes suggest a lower risk of subsequent primary cancers among patients treated with carbon ion radiotherapy vs those treated with photon radiotherapy. As per data, for patients with expected long-term overall survival or those with poor outcomes after receiving conventional treatments, they favor more widespread adoption of carbon ion radiotherapy.