Commons RJ, et al. - Researchers performed this systematic review and meta-analysis determining the risk of Plasmodium vivax parasitaemia after treatment of Plasmodium falciparum with commonly used antimalarial drugs to ascertain the potential benefits of a radical cure for all patients with uncomplicated malaria in co-endemic regions. They analyzed 153 of 891 screened studies, including 31 262 patients from 323 site-specific treatment groups: 130 (85%) studies were from the Asia-Pacific region, 16 (10%) from the Americas, and seven (5%) from Africa. Findings revealed that the risk for vivax parasitaemia is high after treatment of falciparum malaria, particularly in areas with short relapse periodicity and after rapidly eliminated treatment. Regions of short relapse periodicity showed P vivax parasitaemia risk of 6·5% compared with 1·9% (0·4–4·0) in regions of long periodicity. The risk was greater after treatment with a more rapidly eliminated artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs): 15·3% for artemether-lumefantrine compared with 4·5% for dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and 5·2% for artesunate-mefloquine. Recurrent malaria in co-endemic regions could substantially be reduced with universal radical cure for all patients with uncomplicated malaria.