Li Y, Yue J, Huang M, et al. - Researchers conducted a retrospective analysis of prospective data to ascertain the incidence of and risk factors for residual back pain in osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) patients after percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) treatment, They retrospectively examined patients who had undergone bilateral PKP. Back pain intensity was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) after surgery. They characterized residual back pain as the presence of postoperative moderate-severe pain (average VAS score ≥ 4), and the variables included patient characteristics, baseline symptoms, radiological parameters and surgical factors. They conducted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to distinguish risk factors. They enrolled a sum of 809 patients, and distinguished residual back pain in 63 (7.8%) patients. It was recorded that, 7.8% was the incidence of postoperative residual back pain among 809 OVCF patients following PKP. They distinguished the presence of an intravertebral vacuum cleft, posterior fascia oedema, facet joint violations and a separated cement distribution as independent risk factors for residual back pain.