Wu G, Wu J, Pan X, et al. - Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients from the different ethnic group were compared regarding alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) testing rates, elevated AFP rates, factors associated with elevated AFP levels, and prognostic factors associated with overall survival (OS). From the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries, researchers identified patients with HCC. AFP testing reports were made for a proportion of 79.2% of total HCC patients; 77.3% of white, 79.7% of black, and 81.2% of other races underwent AFP testing. Black HCC patients had a higher rate of elevated AFP levels among all patients and the early-stage HCC patient cohort when compared with white and other races. Findings support a significant prognostic value of elevated AFP level for all HCC patients in different race groups. Race significantly determines the factors associated with elevated AFP level and prognostic factors associated with OS.