Cormier M, et al. - Authors assessed the potential contribution of alcohol use, overcrowding, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, substance misuse, HIV, food insecurity and malnutrition, and smoking on the burden tuberculosis in Indigenous peoples and to document steps taken to address them. They conducted a systematic review using seven databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Global Health, BIOSIS Previews, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library). A higher prevalence of several proximate determinants of tuberculosis was seen in Indigenous peoples than non-Indigenous peoples, with wide variation across Indigenous communities. In order to address smoking, food insecurity, and diabetes in Indigenous populations as important public health goals in their own right, and also to reduce the burden of tuberculosis, the need for community-led, culturally appropriate strategies was emphasised.