Hsiao CH, et al. - Authors ascertained the prevalence and clinical consequences of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in the aqueous and corneal tissues obtained at the time of corneal transplantation to evaluate the diagnostic value of PCR analysis in identifying patients at risk of postkeratoplasty CMV endotheliitis. A relatively high prevalence of CMV DNA was seen in the aqueous and corneas obtained during keratoplasty. CMV endotheliitis was developed postoperatively and graft failure was experienced eventually in all the patients who had CMV positivity in aqueous. At the time of corneal transplantation, aqueous tapping for PCR analysis could help to improve the diagnosis and follow-up management of postkeratoplasty CMV endotheliitis.