Mizushima T, Ikeda M, Kato T, et al. - Researchers examined whether surgery and postoperative XELOX (oxaliplatin plus capecitabine), without preoperative chemoradiation, are efficacious for treating rectal cancer. In this prospective, multicenter, open-label, single-arm phase 2 study, treatment with a 120 min intravenous infusion of oxaliplatin (130 mg/m²) on day 1 and capecitabine (2,000 mg/m²/day) in 2 divided doses for 14 days of a 3-week cycle, for a total of 8 cycles (24 weeks), was done among 60 men and 47 women who were curatively resected for high-risk stage II and stage III rectal cancer and had undergone no preoperative therapy. Outcomes support the efficacy of postoperative XELOX without preoperative chemoradiation for rectal cancer. It provides adequate 3-year DFS prospects.