McLaughlin JM, Jiang Q, Gessner BD, et al. - Whether 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) is directly efficacious against serotype 3 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) among adults, was determined via a systematic review of the published literature. Also, a pooled analysis of the individual-level, raw data was performed to estimate overall vaccine effectiveness (VE). This study included a randomized controlled trial run in the Netherlands and published in 2014, and a recently-published case-control investigation performed in Louisville, Kentucky, using a test-negative design (TND), and also a third TND research performed in Argentina but is not yet published. Using all three studies, the pooled analysis of individual-level data revealed 52.5% of PCV13 VE against serotype 3 hospitalized CAP. Direct efficacy of PCV13, as a prophylactic, against serotype 3 hospitalized CAP was suggested in adults aged ≥65 years by currently-available evidence, which was limited to three studies.