Hong YS, Kim SY, Lee JS, et al. - In patients with rectal cancer who received preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with fluoropyrimidine monotherapy and total mesorectal excision (TME), the role of oxaliplatin as adjuvant chemotherapy was examined. In the ADORE trial (adjuvant oxaliplatin in rectal cancer), patients with postoperative ypStage II (ypT3-4N0) or III (ypTanyN1-2) rectal cancer after fluoropyrimidine-based preoperative CRT and TME were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive adjuvant chemotherapy either with FL (fluorouracil 380 mg/m² and leucovorin 20 mg/m²) or FOLFOX (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m², leucovorin 200 mg/m², and fluorouracil bolus 400 mg/m² on day 1, fluorouracil infusion 2,400 mg/m² for 46 hours). The FOLFOX arm had 6-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates of 68.2% vs 56.8% in the FL arm. Hence patients with rectal cancer with ypStage II and III disease exhibit improved DFS in correlation with adjuvant FOLFOX after preoperative CRT. Findings support that consideration could be given to adjuvant FOLFOX on the basis of the postoperative pathologic stage in those who underwent preoperative CRT and TME.