Kamar F, et al. - Researchers conducted a cohort study to assess the outcomes after placement of second hemodialysis fistula. Findings suggested a probable inferiority of the outcomes of the second fistula to outcomes of the initial fistula. They noted a week association between first and second fistula outcomes and based on clinical characteristics these are difficult to predict. They noted 11% higher proportion of time that the second fistula was used catheter free with each 10% greater proportion of time that the first fistula was used catheter free among people who received 2 fistulas.