Zheng K, et al. - In view of the controverisies regarding the optimal reconstructive method after diaphyseal malignant bone tumor resection, researchers conducted this multicenter clinical study examining the clinical value and complications of segmental prosthesis in the repair of diaphyseal defects. Among 49 included patients (23 men and 26 women; mean age: 63.3 years), seven patients had primary bone tumors and 42 patients had metastatic lesions. At the mean follow-up of 13.7 months, death of 31 patients due to tumor progression, and one patient due to another reason was reported; 17 patients were alive. Among all patients, they noted eight nononcologic complications (two with radial nerve injury, three with delayed incision healing, two with aseptic loosening in the proximal humerus prosthetic stem and one with structural failure) and three oncologic complications (three with primary tumor recurrence). Primary tumor patients showed a higher incidence of complications (4/7, 57.1%) than patients with metastatic tumors (7/42, 16.7%). Patients with primary tumors did not commonly have aseptic loosening and mechanical complications despite a statistically significant difference in the reconstruction length. Findings suggest that for the reconstruction of diaphyseal defects in patients with limited life expectancy, segmental prostheses represent an optional method. Segmental prostheses in the humerus vs those used to treat lesions in the femur experienced more complications.