Agalliu I, et al. - Researchers, for the first time, determined links between alpha, beta and gamma human papillomavirus (HPV) detection in the oral cavity and esophageal cancer risk in a nested case-control study among 96,650 cancer-free participants of the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Cohort and the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Adjusting for smoking and alcohol consumption, they used conditional logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The presence of HPVs in the oral cavity was very commonly detected but no evidence demonstrated an association between oral HPVs and esophageal cancer. This suggests that oral HPVs may not contribute to risk of esophageal cancer. Prevalence of oral alpha, beta, and gamma HPV was 18.4%, 64.8%, and 42.4% in cases and 14.3%, 55.1%, and 33.6% in controls, respectively.