Kalakoti P, et al. - Authors evaluated the perioperative trends in chronic vs naive opioid users (OUs) and identified modifiable risk factors associated with prolonged consumption in patients undergoing lumbar spine arthrodesis. Opioids are chronically used by approximately one-third patients before lumbar arthrodesis and nearly half of the pre-op opioid users (OUs) will continue to use at 1 year. In identifying patients at risk for chronic use and alter surgeons to work toward discontinuation of opioids before lumbar spinal surgery, these findings served as a baseline.