Moke DJ, et al. - In this case-control study, researchers assessed the risk for second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) in relation to obesity during childhood cancer treatment. They used the California Cancer Registry to identify cases (with SMN) and controls (with a single primary cancer) who had primary cancer diagnosed <21 years treated at Children's Hospital Los Angeles between 1988-2014. Overall, 59 cases and 130 controls were analyzed. The study sample was 64.5% male and 31.7% were obese or overweight. The median age at primary cancer diagnosis and median time from primary cancer to SMN were 6 years and 7.5 years, respectively. A possible link between obesity during childhood cancer treatment and increased risk for SMNs was suggested in this study, especially in patients who were obese throughout therapy.