Messina NL, Pittet LF, Gardiner K, et al. - Studies have described beneficial off-target effects of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination that may include protecting against non-mycobacterial infectious diseases. Researchers herein examined if neonatal BCG vaccination decreases lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in infants in the MIS BAIR trial. In this investigator-blinded trial, randomization of 1,272 neonates in Australia was done to receive BCG-Denmark vaccination or no BCG at birth. Findings yielded insufficient evidence in support of using neonatal BCG vaccination to avert LRTI in the first year of life in high-income settings.