Chauvette V, et al. - Among adult patients (n=164, ≤60 years, 81% male) who underwent surgical treatment for isolated aortic valve infective endocarditis (IE) in 2 high-volume Canadian centers, researchers focused on the mid-term prognosis. Intra-venous drug users [IVDU, n=23 (14%)] were included. This study did not include patients with recurrent IE or concomitant endocarditis on other valves. A mechanical prosthesis (44%), a tissue valve (30%), a homograft (18%) and a Ross procedure (9%) was used to replace the aortic valve. Participants were followed-up for a mean duration of 6.2±4.6 years (92% complete). Findings revealed suboptimal mid-term survival in non-elderly adults undergoing surgery for aortic valve endocarditis. Although better mid-term outcomes were reported in non-IVDU patients with native valve endocarditis, yet survival continued to be lower as compared to a matched population of elective AVR in non-elderly patient.