Park SY, Faraci G, Murphy G, et al. - In view of a high demand of accurate and cost-efficient HIV incidence and drug resistance surveillances for the advancement of 90-90-90: Treatment for All, researchers here generated microdrop HIV sequencing for HIDA (HIV incidence and drug resistance assay), a single blood draw surveillance tool for incidence and drug resistance mutation identification. Full-length HIV envelope and pol gene sequences were amplified within micro-droplets and this compartmental amplification with long-read high-throughput sequencing allowed recovery of multiple unique sequences. Relative to current incidence assays, a greater precision was achieved in assessing the stage of infection, with a 1.2% false recency rate (proportion of misclassified chronic infections) and 262 days of mean duration of recent infection (average timespan of recent infection classification) from 83 recently infected and 81 chronically infected individuals. Findings overall suggest that HIDA via microdrop HIV sequencing may boost global HIV real-time surveillance by serving as an accurate and high-throughput cross-sectional survey tool that can be generalized for other pathogen surveillance.