Mazor Y, et al. - The long-term symptom profile, quality of life, and need for surgery in fecal incontinence (FI) patients following biofeedback (BF) were described in this investigation. For long-term follow-up, 108 consecutive female patients with FI who completed an instrumented BF course were identified. In more than half of FI patients at 7-year post BF follow-up, long-term symptom improvement was noted. Quality of life improvements, however, were not maintained. Results of this study suggested that patients improving during the initial BF program had a high chance of long-term improvement. On the other hand, patients who did not respond to BF should be considered early for other therapies.