Salloum R, et al. - In the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, researchers assessed cumulative incidence of late mortality (5 or more years from diagnosis), subsequent neoplasms (SNs), and chronic health conditions among 1,311 eligible 5-year survivors of medulloblastoma (diagnosed between 1970 and 1999) using multivariable piecewise exponential models, given that the treatment of this condition has evolved. Among those diagnosed during 1970s vs those in 1990s, the estimated 15-year cumulative incidence rate of all-cause late mortality was 23.2% vs 12.8%, respectively, and 17.7% vs 9.6% were the recurrence-related mortality rates. Improved 5-year survival has been reported in association with historical changes in medulloblastoma therapy, but these changes have resulted in an increased risk for SNs and debilitating health conditions in survivors, although the requirement for special education services has attenuated.