Gujral UP, et al. - In two population-based studies of Asian Indians living in India and the United States, researchers compared hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as a diagnostic tool with fasting plasma glucose and 2- post-challenge glucose measurements in evaluating the prevalence of type 2 diabetes [defined as fasting glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L, 2-h glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L, or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%]. In 3016 candidates from Chennai and Delhi, India from the CARRS-2 Study, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes by HbA1c, fasting glucose, and 2 h glucose was compared to 757 Indians in the U.S. from the MASALA Study. Data reported that age, sex, and BMI adjusted prevalence of diabetes by isolated HbA1c was 2.9%, 3.1%, and 0.8% in CARRS-Chennai, CARRS-Delhi, and MASALA, respectively. In CARRS-Chennai, CARRS-Delhi, and MASALA respectively, the proportion of diabetes diagnosed with isolated HbA1c was 19.4%, 26.8% and 10.8%. In CARRS-2, people with type 2 diabetes are at lower cardio-metabolic risk due to isolated HbA1c than those diagnosed with fasting or 2-h measures. In Asian Indians, a higher prevalence could result from the use of HbA1c for diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. A subset of people with milder glucose intolerance may be identified with HbA1c.