Soldevila-Domenech N, Forcano L, Vintro-Alcaraz C, et al. - This study’s findings demonstrate the knowledge of the determinants and mutual interrelationships between longitudinally assessed cognitive performance and weight loss, adding further evidence to the cognitive benefits correlated with better adherence to a MedDiet. The outcomes imply that weight-loss interventions tailored to the cognitive profile and gender of participants are promising avenues for further trials.

• The results showed that in participants randomized to the intervention group, baseline higher performance in verbal memory (OR=1.5; 95%CI 1.0, 2.1), visuoconstructive praxis and attention (OR=1.5; 95%CI 0.9, 2.3), and inhibition (OR=1.3; 95%CI 0.9, 1.9) were correlated with a higher odds of achieving at least 8% weight loss after 3 years follow-up.

• During follow-up, there were moderate improvements in specific tests of memory and executive functions.

• It has been reported that the higher adherence to the er-MedDiet was correlated with greater improvements in memory.

• Furthermore, women showed lower rates of change in global cognition, PA, and QoL.

• The findings revealed improvements in memory associated with reductions in BMI after 1 year (βSTD=-0.14) and with improvements in PA after 3 years (βSTD=0.13).

• Greater improvements in their QoL were also experienced by participants who experienced greater improvements in executive functions and global cognition.