Dirajlal-Fargo S, Shan L, Sattar A, et al. - Researchers conducted this cross-sectional study to evaluate insulin resistance in perinatally acquired HIV infection (PHIV) compared with HIV-exposed uninfected children (HEUs) and HIV unexposed uninfected children and analyzed potential relationship with intestinal damage biomarkers. The study sample consisted of PHIVs, HEUs and HIV-unexposed, uninfected children (HUUs), aged 2–10 years, in Uganda. Overall, 172 candidates [median age was 7.8 years] were recruited (57 PHIVs, 59 HEUs and 56 HUUs). Findings suggested that Ugandan PHIVs have disturbances in the metabolism of glucose despite viral suppression. Higher BMI was associated with insulin resistance in this population, not immune activation or alteration of gut integrity. No correlation was found between any of the other inflammatory or gut biomarkers and HOMA-IR index. BMI remained independently linked to the HOMA-IR index after adjusting for age and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor I.