Laupland KB, et al. - In patients with bloodstream infection (BSI), researchers assessed in-hospital death as a measure of all-cause 30-day case fatality. For this investigation, they compared patients who died in hospital within 30 days (30-day in-hospital death) with those who died in any location by day 30 post BSI diagnosis (30-day all-cause case fatality). In total, 1,773 residents had first incident BSI episodes. Overall, 299 patients died for a 30-day all-cause case fatality rate of 16.9%. Of the 1,587 admitted patients, 242 died for a 30-day in-hospital death rate of 15.2%. They observed that patients who died following discharge within 30 days were older and more likely to have dementia. In-hospital death is a biased measure of true all-cause case fatality in the population-based cohort of patients with BSI.