Chen X, et al. - In young children who underwent posterior hemivertebra resection and short fusion, authors gauged the incidence, risk factors, and evolution of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK). No significant deterioration of proximal junctional angle were found till the last follow-up despite the incidence of PJK in 11.6% of young children undergoing posterior hemivertebra resection and short fusion. Preoperative segmental kyphosis, a larger postoperative sagittal vertical axis (SVA) and ligamentous failure were included in its risk factors. For minimizing the progression of PJK, early detection and active management may be helpful.