Majonga ED, Rehman AM, Mchugh G, et al. - Given a high prevalence of cardiac abnormalities in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa, researchers examined children taking ART in Zimbabwe for the incidence and progression of cardiac abnormalities. They conducted a prospective cohort study including 197 participants at baseline at a pediatric HIV clinic from 2014 to 2017. Of these, 175 (89%; 48% female; median age 12 years, interquartile range 10–14 years) were followed up and were identified to have left and right heart abnormalities at the incidences of 3.52 and 5.64 per 100 person-years, respectively.  Findings thereby suggest that despite ART, there was a high incidence of cardiac abnormalities in children with HIV, with only a minority being transient. Increase in mean z scores for left ventricular (LV), left atrium, Right ventricular, interventricular septum, and LV posterior wall diameters was observed over a relatively short follow-up period, implicating the potential for progression of cardiac abnormalities. They suggest performing longer follow-up to determine the clinical implications of these abnormalities. .