Kagaayi J, Chang LW, Ssempijja V, et al. - Researchers examined how combination HIV interventions affect HIV incidence in four HIV-hyperendemic communities in Uganda. In this open population-based cohort study, people aged 15–49 years, residing in four fishing communities on Lake Victoria, were assessed for self-reported demographic, behavioral, and service-uptake data. These were provided free HIV testing at each interview, with referral to combination HIV intervention services as appropriate. From November 2011, the rapid expansion of combination HIV intervention services in these geographical areas occurred. From Nov 4, 2011, to Aug 16, 2017, five surveys were used to obtain data for this work. Overall, 8,942 participants provided 20,721 person-visits; of these, 4,619 (52%) were male. A decline in the HIV prevalence from 41% (1,598 of 3,870) in the 2011–12 baseline survey to 37% (1740 of 4738) at the final survey was observed. From the first survey in 2011–12 to the last survey in 2016–17, they observed an increase in HIV testing coverage from 68% (2,613 of 3,870) to 96% (4,526 of 4,738); an increase in male circumcision coverage from 35% (698 of 2,011) to 65% (1,630 of 2,525); increase in antiretroviral therapy coverage from 16% (254 of 1,598) to 82% (1,420 of 1,740); and incresae in population HIV viral load suppression in all HIV-positive participants from 34% (546 of 1,596) to 80% (1,383 of 1,734). Observations thereby support the feasibility of rapid expansion of combination HIV interventions in HIV-hyperendemic fishing communities and its potential impact on HIV incidence. However, as incidence remains higher than HIV epidemic control targets, they suggest performing additional efforts to achieve this global health priority.