Shen Y, et al. - Researchers investigated serum microRNAs (miRNAs) as novel diagnostic markers for detecting esophageal squamous dysplasia (ESD) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). They used serum samples from 52 ESCC patients and 52 controls. They found the association of serum levels of miR-16-5p, miR-197-5p, miR-451a, and miR-92a-3p with ESCC and ESCC patients could be competently distinguished from the controls by a biomarker based on the panel of these four miRNAs. In ESD patients vs controls, significantly higher serum levels of miR-16-5p, miR-320c, miR-638, and miR-92a-3p were detected, and differentiation between ESD and controls was competently enabled by this four-miRNA signature. Based on findings, they concluded that circulating miRNAs, especially when combined, might be non-invasive biomarkers for the early detection of ESCC.