Ziemba-Davis M, et al. - Data related to 685 primary unilateral total joint arthroplasties (TJA) discharged the day of or day after surgery were retrospectively analyzed to study incidence and risk factors for acute postoperative urinary retention (POUR) in a modern, evidence-based, outpatient and early discharge TJA program. Authors noticed 5.5%, the overall incidence of POUR with 3.9% for same day discharges. They found an association of male gender, history of urinary retention, use of rocuronium, use of glycopyrrolate, use of neostigmine, fentanyl spinals, and the absence of an indwelling urethral catheter with acute POUR and met criteria for entry into multivariate binary logistic regression (BLR). A probability of developing POUR of 34% was reported among males who received glycopyrrolate with neostigmine which decreased to 2.8% in the absence of such risk factors. But, they suggested avoidance of anticholinergics and cholinesterase inhibitors during anesthesia in outpatient TJA, especially in stand-alone ambulatory surgery centers.