Coghill AE, et al. - Data of 308,268 patients with nonadvanced cancer, from the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare linked database was involved in order to contrast cancer-specific mortality in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients with cancer following adjusting for available data on receipt of specific cancer treatments. HIV-infected patients (n = 288) had notable rises in the overall mortality rate in comparison with HIV-uninfected patients for cancers of the colorectum, prostate, and breast. Cancer-specific mortality was raised for prostate and breast cancer. In contrast with their HIV-uninfected counterparts, HIV-infected men with prostate cancer also encountered significantly greater rates of relapse or death as did HIV-infected women with breast cancer. Therefore, in the United States, old HIV-infected patients with cancer vs HIV-uninfected patients with cancer, especially prostate and breast cancers, have worse outcomes. This difference continues even following adjustment for administered first-course cancer treatments and will become increasingly appropriate as the HIV population in the United States proceeds to age.