Kritsanavarin U, Bloss E, Manopaiboon C, et al. - Researchers sought to determine the incidence of HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TG) in four provinces. Further, they investigated factors linked with incident infections to inform public health prevention efforts. They used data obtained during a prospective observational cohort study performed during April 2015–May 2018 in outpatient clinics in five hospitals across four provinces in Thailand for performing this analysis. They enrolled and followed up MSM and TG aged ≥18 years, who were not known to be HIV-infected, and who reported anal intercourse with a male or TG without a condom in the past 6 months; follow-up was performed every 6 months for 18 months with questionnaires and HIV testing. During follow-up, they observed occurrence of a total of 40 HIV seroconversions, resulting in an HIV incidence of 3.5 per 100 person-years. In multivariate analyses, they identified the following factors to be independently associated with HIV infection: identifying as gay, having receptive anal sex in the past 6 months, using alcohol, and taking alkyl nitrites in the past 6 months. Overall this study revealed a lower HIV incidence in the highest risk population in Thailand relative to similar studies in Bangkok. They suggest the necessity for accelerated prevention efforts to make the goal of ‘zero new infections’ possible in Thailand.