Chen CJ, Yang YH, Lin MH, et al. - Among patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, researchers explored the connection between taking herbal medicine (HM) containing aristolochic acid (AA) and the risk of primary liver cancer (PLC). Using the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan, a total of 223,467 HCV-infected patients were identified. According to findings, 25,502 PLC cases were identified during the follow-up period of 3,052,132 person-years; this corresponded to an overall incidence rate of 835.5 PLCs per 100,000 person-years. Increasing exposure to AA poses an increased risk of acquiring PLC among HCV-positive patients.