Batyrbekova N, et al. - Researchers examined the temporal trends in primary liver cancer (PLC) incidence and the relative risks of PLC among people diagnosed with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infection between 1990 and 2015 via comparing the HCV-cohort (n: 52,853) with a matched non-HCV comparison-cohort (n: 523,649). The HCV-cohort had 1,609 cases diagnosed with PLC; an increase in the annual number was noted continuously with the crude incidence rate reaching 4.56 per 1,000 person-years in 2013 while this remained low and stable in the comparison-cohort. In the HCV-cohort, relatively constant age-standardized PLC incidence rates per 1,000 person-years were reported at 2.64 (95% CI: 1.54, 3.75) in 2000 and 3.31 (2.51, 4.12) in 2014. Among those infected for 35-40 years, the highest standardized incidence ratio was 73 (65.9, 79.5); and the highest HR was 65.9 (55.9, 77.6) for men and 62.2 (31.9, 121.1) for women. Findings thereby suggest that in the population with HCV-infection for more than 35 years, there is a considerable increase in PLC-incidence over time and an extremely high relative risk.