Xie S, et al. - Researchers assessed if growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) has any impact on the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) or all-cause mortality in this meta-analysis. They analyzed 31 prospective studies meeting the eligibility criteria, including 53,706 subjects with 7,020 adverse outcome events. Outcomes revealed the highest GDF-15 category was associated with greater risk of cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, and complex adverse outcome. These findings suggest that increases in the risk of cardiovascular diseases or all-cause mortality corresponded with increases in GDF-15 levels.