Gerendas BS, Hatz K, Kaider A, et al. - Among patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes (DM1) receiving intensified insulin therapy, researchers used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to assess early changes in retinal layers. For this investigation, 150 individuals with DM1 and 150 age- and gender-matched healthy control candidates had OCT imaging. In this cross-sectional case-control study, they analyzed, 600 eyes with 512 data points in 49 b-scans in each OCT. In patients with long-standing DM1, preclinical retinal changes can be found by retinal layer evaluation. The changes are layer-specific, however, with substantial thickening of the ganglion cell layer and less so of the outer layer complex indicating a role as an early sign of diffuse swelling and DME evolution even in well-controlled diabetes.