Mabud TS, et al. - Considering a higher than normal risk of tuberculosis (TB) among individuals in certain environments such as prisons and that the prison environments may sustain and amplify TB transmission in their surrounding communities as individuals are incarcerated and released, they sought to characterize the time course of TB risk following incarceration and release, and to assess the impact of interventions conducted in prisons upon the community TB epidemic. Using Brazilian TB and prisoner databases, they created a mathematical model to simulate prison-based TB interventions among prisoners, ex-prisoners, and the general population in a Brazilian community and then generalized this model to a wide range of epidemiological contexts. After incarceration, a prisoner was noted to be at 30 times higher risk for TB than a community member. This risk remained elevated for 7 years after release from prison. They suggest implementing a comprehensive intervention including mass screening, entry and exit screening, improved diagnostics, and isoniazid preventive therapy conducted within Brazilian prisons, to reduce active TB incidence by 79% in the prisons and by 40% in the general population.Across global contexts, they suggest prison-based TB interventions have maximum effectiveness in decreasing community incidence of TB in populations with a high concentration of disease in prisons and higher degrees of mixing between ex-prisoners and community members.