Peters SAE, et al. - Atrial fibrillation (AF) is thought to be a stronger risk factor for cardiovascular disease in women than men, so researchers sought for gender disparities in the impacts of 43 established and novel risk factors and the risk of incident AF by analyzing data from the Scottish Heart Health Extended Cohort, a prospective cohort study with over 20 years of follow-up for AF incidence. Using Cox regression models, the adjusted sex-specific HRs and 95% CIs and the women-to-men ratio of HRs of incident AF related to personal characteristics, smoking, physical measurements, diabetes mellitus, lipid, inflammatory, cardiac, and diet- and renal-related markers were obtained. The analysis of 15,737 participants (52% women) included in this study revealed that men vs women with higher body mass index were at a stronger risk of developing AF. In women, elevated NT-pro-BNP, uric acid, and cystatin-C were found to be more strongly related to the risk of AF.