Paternoster G, Boo G, Wang C, et al. - In view of the scarcity of adequate data on the local geographical variation of cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis, researchers here examined within-country incidence and geographical variation of these focal diseases at a high spatial resolution in Kyrgyzstan. All confirmed surgical cases of cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis reported through the national echinococcosis surveillance system in Kyrgyzstan, between Jan 1, 2014, and Dec 31, 2016, were mapped from nine regional databases .  They identified reports of 2,359 primary surgical cases of cystic echinococcosis and 546 primary surgical cases of alveolar echinococcosis. Analyses suggest that the surgical incidence of cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis in Kyrgyzstan show remarkable within-country variation. At country-level, crude surgical incidence was 13·1 per 100,000 population per year for cystic echinococcosis and 3·02 per 100,000 population per year for alveolar echinococcosis. The high-resolution maps led to recognition of precise locations where interventions and epidemiological research should be targeted to decrease the burden of human cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis. The following regions were identified to be significant hotspots of cystic echinococcosis: Osh (five local communities in Uzgen district and four in Alay district), Naryn (three local communities in Jumgal district and one in Naryn district), Talas (three local communities in Talas district), and Chuy (one local community in Jayyl district). They identified significant alveolar echinococcosis hotspots in the Osh region (11 communities in Alay district, including the local community of Sary Mogol, and one in Chong-Alay district) and in the Naryn region (five communities in Jumgal district and three in At-Bashy district), in the southwest and center of the country.