Wändell P, et al. - In this cohort study including first- and second-generation immigrants residing in Sweden between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2012, researchers examined the link between the country of birth and incident end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), using individuals born in Sweden or with Swedish-born parents as referents. Having at least one registered diagnosis of ESKD in the National Patient Register was assessed. They estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs by using incidence of ESKD in different immigrant groups was used in the Cox regression models, stratified by sex and adjusted for age, geographical residence, educational level, marital status, and neighbourhood socioeconomic status. In general, foreign-born men and women but not second-generation immigrants (persons born in Sweden with foreign-born parents) exhibited higher incidence rates and HRs of ESKD, compared to their referents. Men and women from ­East-European countries, as well as from non-European regions, had a particularly high ­incidence. Men from Finland had a lower incidence of ESKD. In immigrants, higher attention should be given to hypertension and diabetes control. An increased risk of ESKD could be due to mechanisms attributable to the migration process or ethnic differences.