Guimarães PO, et al. - Among participants from ARISTOTLE (a randomized trial comparing apixaban with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation [AF]), researchers compared apixaban to warfarin in terms of safety and effectiveness in patients with AF and a history of bioprosthetic valve (BPV) replacement or native valve repair. A total of 251 subjects, constituting a subgroup who had undergone previous valve surgery, were analyzed. A total of 156 patients had full data available. The outcomes of interest were stroke/systemic embolism (primary efficacy endpoint) as well as major bleeding (primary safety endpoint). The safety and effectiveness of apixaban vs warfarin in patients with AF and a history of BPV replacement or repair were found to be consistent with results from ARISTOTLE, with low overall clinical event rates and no significant variances between apixaban and warfarin for any results. For patients with BPVs or previous valve repair, apixaban could be a practical option.