Kirby MA, et al. - In this cluster-randomized trial, researchers evaluated intervention use, drinking water quality, and air quality (personal exposure to fine particulate matter, PM_2.5) and diarrhea and acute respiratory infection (ARI) among children in the context of a large-scale intervention program that delivered and promoted the use of an advanced water filter and portable biomass-burning “rocket” cookstove to over 101,000 low-income households in Rwanda. A total of 1,582 households from 174 village clusters were enrolled and visited for a year after receiving the intervention filter and stove approximately every four months. Among children <5 years, the intervention improved household drinking water quality and decreased caregiver-reported diarrhea. In spite of no proof of enhanced air quality, it also decreased ARI reported by caregivers.